feature - Perl pragma 用於啟用新功能
use feature qw(fc say);
# Without the "use feature" above, this code would not be able to find
# the built-ins "say" or "fc":
say "The case-folded version of $x is: " . fc $x;
# set features to match the :5.36 bundle, which may turn off or on
# multiple features (see "FEATURE BUNDLES" below)
use feature ':5.36';
# implicitly loads :5.36 feature bundle
use v5.36;
通常無法在不中斷某些既有程式的情況下,新增 Perl 語法。此實用程式提供一個方法來將此風險降至最低。可以使用 use feature 'foo'
來啟用新的語法結構,或舊有結構的新語意,且僅當適當的實用程式在範圍內時才會進行剖析。(儘管如此,CORE::
前綴詞仍可存取所有 Perl 關鍵字,不論此實用程式為何。)
與其他實用程式(例如 use strict
)一樣,功能具有詞彙效果。use feature qw(foo)
僅會從該點啟用功能「foo」,直到封閉區塊的結尾。
{
use feature 'say';
say "say is available here";
}
print "But not here.\n";
no feature
也可以使用 no feature "foo"
來關閉功能。這也有詞彙效果。
use feature 'say';
say "say is available here";
{
no feature 'say';
print "But not here.\n";
}
say "Yet it is here.";
no feature
若未指定任何功能,將重設為預設群組。若要停用所有功能(一個不尋常的要求!)請使用 no feature ':all'
。
請閱讀 "功能套件" 以取得功能作弊表摘要。
use feature 'say'
告訴編譯器啟用 Raku 靈感的 say
函式。
請參閱 "say" in perlfunc 以取得詳細資料。
此功能從 Perl 5.10 開始提供。
use feature 'state'
告訴編譯器啟用 state
變數。
請參閱 "Persistent Private Variables" in perlsub 以取得詳細資料。
此功能從 Perl 5.10 開始提供。
警告:此功能仍處於實驗階段,且實作可能會在未來版本的 Perl 中變更或移除。因此,除非您已明確停用警告,否則 Perl 會在您使用此功能時發出警告
no warnings "experimental::smartmatch";
use feature 'switch'
告訴編譯器啟用 Raku given/when 結構。
請參閱 "Switch Statements" in perlsyn 以取得詳細資料。
此功能從 Perl 5.10 開始提供。從 Perl 5.38 開始已不建議使用,且使用 given
、when
或 smartmatch 會發出警告。它將在 Perl 5.42 中移除。
use feature 'unicode_strings'
告訴編譯器在作用域內執行的所有字串運算中使用 Unicode 規則(除非它們也在 use locale
或 use bytes
的作用域內)。這也適用於在作用域內編譯的所有正規表示式,即使在作用域外執行。它不會改變字串的內部表示,只會改變它們的解譯方式。
no feature 'unicode_strings'
告訴編譯器使用傳統的 Perl 規則,其中使用原生字元集規則,除非 Perl 明確知道需要 Unicode。當行為突然改變時,這可能會帶來一些驚喜。(有關詳細資訊,請參閱 perlunicode 中的 "The "Unicode Bug""。)因此,如果你在程式中可能使用 Unicode,則強烈建議使用 use feature 'unicode_strings'
子語法。
此功能從 Perl 5.12 開始提供;在 Perl 5.14 中幾乎完全實作;並在 Perl 5.16 中擴充套件以涵蓋 quotemeta
;在 Perl 5.26 中進一步擴充套件以涵蓋 範圍運算子;並在 Perl 5.28 中再次擴充套件以涵蓋 特殊情況空白分割。
這兩個功能一起旨在取代舊版字串 eval
函式,在某些情況下會出現問題行為。它們從 Perl 5.16 開始提供,並透過 use 5.16
或更高宣告預設啟用。
unicode_eval
改變純文字字串 eval
的行為,使其工作更一致,特別是在 Unicode 世界中。某些(錯誤)行為無法在不破壞依賴它們的一些事物的情況下進行更改,因此可以啟用和停用此功能。詳細資訊請參閱 perlfunc 中的 "Under the "unicode_eval" feature"。
evalbytes
類似於字串 eval
,但它將其引數視為位元組字串。詳細資訊請參閱 perlfunc 中的 "evalbytes EXPR"。如果在目前的範圍內沒有 use feature 'evalbytes'
或 use v5.16
(或更高)宣告,你仍然可以透過改寫 CORE::evalbytes
來存取它。
這提供了 __SUB__
權杖,它會傳回對目前子常式的參照,或在子常式外傳回 undef
。
此功能從 Perl 5.16 開始提供。
此功能支援舊版 $[
變數。請參閱 "$[" in perlvar。它預設開啟,但在 use v5.16
下已停用(請參閱下方的 "IMPLICIT LOADING"),且自 perl 5.30 起已不可用。
此功能從 Perl 5.16 開始以這個名稱提供。在先前版本中,它一直都是開啟的,而且此 pragma 對它一無所知。
use feature 'fc'
告訴編譯器啟用 fc
函式,它實作 Unicode 大小寫轉換。
有關詳細資訊,請參閱 "fc" in perlfunc。
此功能從 Perl 5.16 起提供。
在 Perl 5.26 之前的版本中,此功能啟用透過 my sub foo
、state sub foo
和 our sub foo
語法宣告子常式。有關詳細資訊,請參閱 "Lexical Subroutines" in perlsub。
此功能從 Perl 5.18 起提供。從 Perl 5.18 到 5.24,它被歸類為實驗性質,而且 Perl 會針對其使用發出警告,除非明確停用
no warnings "experimental::lexical_subs";
從 Perl 5.26 開始,使用此功能不再觸發警告,儘管 experimental::lexical_subs
警告類別仍然存在(為了與停用它的程式碼相容)。此外,此語法不僅不再是實驗性質,而且已針對所有 Perl 程式碼啟用,不論範圍內有哪些功能宣告。
The 'postderef_qq' 功能擴充 後綴解除參考語法 的適用性,以便在雙引號內插值中使用後綴陣列解除參考、後綴純量解除參考和後綴陣列最高索引存取。例如,它讓下列兩個陳述式等效
my $s = "[@{ $h->{a} }]";
my $s = "[$h->{a}->@*]";
此功能從 Perl 5.20 起提供。在 Perl 5.20 和 5.22 中,它被歸類為實驗性質,而且 Perl 會針對其使用發出警告,除非明確停用
no warnings "experimental::postderef";
從 Perl 5.24 開始,使用此功能不再觸發警告,儘管 experimental::postderef
警告類別仍然存在(為了與停用它的程式碼相容)。
在 Perl 5.20 和 Perl 5.22 中使用「postderef」功能,可以在雙引號內插之外啟用後綴取消參考語法。在這些版本中,使用它會觸發 experimental::postderef
警告,就像「postderef_qq」功能一樣。從 Perl 5.24 開始,此語法不僅不再是實驗性的,而且已針對所有 Perl 程式碼啟用,無論作用範圍內有什麼功能宣告。
這會啟用語法,將子常式引數宣告為詞彙變數。例如,對於這個子常式
sub foo ($left, $right) {
return $left + $right;
}
呼叫 foo(3, 7)
會將 3
指定給 $left
,將 7
指定給 $right
。
請參閱 perlsub 中的「Signatures」 以取得詳細資料。
此功能從 Perl 5.20 開始提供。從 Perl 5.20 到 5.34,它被歸類為實驗性的,而 Perl 會針對其使用發出警告,除非明確停用
no warnings "experimental::signatures";
從 Perl 5.36 開始,使用此功能不再觸發警告,儘管 experimental::signatures
警告類別仍然存在(為了與停用它的程式碼相容)。此功能現在被視為穩定的,並由 use v5.36
(或更高版本)自動啟用。
警告:此功能仍處於實驗階段,且實作可能會在未來版本的 Perl 中變更或移除。因此,除非您已明確停用警告,否則 Perl 會在您使用此功能時發出警告
no warnings "experimental::refaliasing";
這會透過指定給參考來啟用別名
\$a = \$b; # $a and $b now point to the same scalar
\@a = \@b; # to the same array
\%a = \%b;
\&a = \&b;
foreach \%hash (@array_of_hash_refs) {
...
}
請參閱 perlref 中的「Assigning to References」 以取得詳細資料。
此功能從 Perl 5.22 開始提供。
這會讓四個標準位元運算子(& | ^ ~
)將其運算元一致地視為數字,並引入四個新的點運算子(&. |. ^. ~.
),將其運算元一致地視為字串。這也適用於指定變異(&= |= ^= &.= |.= ^.=
)。
請參閱 perlop 中的「Bitwise String Operators」 以取得詳細資料。
此功能自 Perl 5.22 起可用。從 Perl 5.28 開始,use v5.28
將啟用此功能。在 5.28 之前,它仍處於實驗階段,並會在「experimental::bitwise」類別中發出警告。
警告:此功能仍處於實驗階段,且實作可能會在未來版本的 Perl 中變更或移除。因此,除非您已明確停用警告,否則 Perl 會在您使用此功能時發出警告
no warnings "experimental::declared_refs";
這允許使用 my
、state
或 our
宣告變數的參考,或使用 local
將其區域化。它主要用於與「refaliasing」功能結合使用。請參閱 perlref 中的「宣告變數的參考」 以取得範例。
此功能自 Perl 5.26 起可用。
這允許使用 isa
中綴運算子,它會測試左運算元給定的純量是否為右運算元給定類別的物件。請參閱 perlop 中的「類別實例運算子」 以取得更多詳細資料。
此功能自 Perl 5.32 起可用。從 Perl 5.32 到 5.34,它被歸類為實驗性質,而且 Perl 會針對其使用發出警告,除非明確停用
no warnings "experimental::isa";
從 Perl 5.36 開始,使用此功能不再會觸發警告(儘管 experimental::isa
警告類別仍然存在,以與停用它的程式碼相容)。此功能現在被視為穩定,並由 use v5.36
(或更高版本)自動啟用。
此功能允許對方法呼叫使用 間接物件語法,例如 new Foo 1, 2;
。它預設啟用,但可以關閉以不允許間接物件語法。
此功能自 Perl 5.32 起以這個名稱提供。在之前的版本中,它一直都是開啟的。若要在較舊的 Perl 中不允許(或針對)間接物件語法發出警告,請參閱 indirect CPAN 模組。
此功能啟用多維陣列模擬,這是 perl 4(或更早版本)用於使用雜湊模擬多維陣列的功能。這會將類似於 $foo{$x, $y}
的程式碼轉換為 $foo{join($;, $x, $y)}
。此功能預設啟用,但可以關閉以停用多維陣列模擬。
當此功能停用時,通常會取代的語法會回報編譯錯誤。
此功能從 Perl 5.34 開始以這個名稱提供。在之前的版本中,它一直都是開啟的。
你可以使用 CPAN 上的 multidimensional 模組來停用舊版 Perl 的多維陣列模擬。
此功能針對內建函式操作啟用裸字檔案句柄,這通常是不建議的做法。此功能預設啟用,但可以關閉以停用裸字檔案句柄,但以下列出的例外情況除外。
perl 內建檔案句柄 STDIN
、STDOUT
、STDERR
、DATA
、ARGV
、ARGVOUT
和特殊字元 _
永遠都是啟用的。
此功能從 Perl 5.34 開始以這個名稱提供。在之前的版本中,它一直都是開啟的。
你可以使用 CPAN 上的 bareword::filehandles 模組來停用舊版 perl 的裸字檔案句柄。
警告:此功能仍處於實驗階段,且實作可能會在未來版本的 Perl 中變更或移除。因此,除非您已明確停用警告,否則 Perl 會在您使用此功能時發出警告
no warnings "experimental::try";
此功能啟用 try
和 catch
語法,允許例外處理,其中從使用 try
導入的區塊主體拋出的例外會透過執行 catch
區塊的主體來捕捉。
如需更多資訊,請參閱 perlsyn 中的「Try Catch Exception Handling」。
警告:此功能仍處於實驗階段,且實作可能會在未來版本的 Perl 中變更或移除。因此,除非您已明確停用警告,否則 Perl 會在您使用此功能時發出警告
no warnings "experimental::defer";
此功能啟用 defer
區塊語法,允許將程式碼區塊延後到包含它的區塊離開控制流程時才執行。如需更多詳細資訊,請參閱 perlsyn 中的「defer」。
警告:此功能仍處於實驗階段,且實作可能會在未來版本的 Perl 中變更或移除。因此,除非您已明確停用警告,否則 Perl 會在您使用此功能時發出警告
no warnings "experimental::extra_paired_delimiters";
此功能啟用使用比傳統四個配對字串分隔符號更多的配對字串分隔符號,< >
、( )
、{ }
和 [ ]
。當此功能開啟時,例如,您可以說 qr«pat»
。
與在 UTF-8 編碼的原始檔中使用任何非 ASCII 分隔符號一樣,您會希望確保剖析器會使用宣告(例如 use utf8
)從 UTF-8 位元組中解碼原始碼。
此功能自 Perl 5.36 開始提供。
截至 Unicode 14.0,已接受的配對分隔符號的完整清單為
( ) U+0028, U+0029 LEFT/RIGHT PARENTHESIS
< > U+003C, U+003E LESS-THAN/GREATER-THAN SIGN
[ ] U+005B, U+005D LEFT/RIGHT SQUARE BRACKET
{ } U+007B, U+007D LEFT/RIGHT CURLY BRACKET
« » U+00AB, U+00BB LEFT/RIGHT-POINTING DOUBLE ANGLE QUOTATION MARK
» « U+00BB, U+00AB RIGHT/LEFT-POINTING DOUBLE ANGLE QUOTATION MARK
܆ ܇ U+0706, U+0707 SYRIAC COLON SKEWED LEFT/RIGHT
༺ ༻ U+0F3A, U+0F3B TIBETAN MARK GUG RTAGS GYON, TIBETAN MARK GUG
RTAGS GYAS
༼ ༽ U+0F3C, U+0F3D TIBETAN MARK ANG KHANG GYON, TIBETAN MARK ANG
KHANG GYAS
᚛ ᚜ U+169B, U+169C OGHAM FEATHER MARK, OGHAM REVERSED FEATHER MARK
‘ ’ U+2018, U+2019 LEFT/RIGHT SINGLE QUOTATION MARK
’ ‘ U+2019, U+2018 RIGHT/LEFT SINGLE QUOTATION MARK
“ ” U+201C, U+201D LEFT/RIGHT DOUBLE QUOTATION MARK
” “ U+201D, U+201C RIGHT/LEFT DOUBLE QUOTATION MARK
‵ ′ U+2035, U+2032 REVERSED PRIME, PRIME
‶ ″ U+2036, U+2033 REVERSED DOUBLE PRIME, DOUBLE PRIME
‷ ‴ U+2037, U+2034 REVERSED TRIPLE PRIME, TRIPLE PRIME
‹ › U+2039, U+203A SINGLE LEFT/RIGHT-POINTING ANGLE QUOTATION MARK
› ‹ U+203A, U+2039 SINGLE RIGHT/LEFT-POINTING ANGLE QUOTATION MARK
⁅ ⁆ U+2045, U+2046 LEFT/RIGHT SQUARE BRACKET WITH QUILL
⁍ ⁌ U+204D, U+204C BLACK RIGHT/LEFTWARDS BULLET
⁽ ⁾ U+207D, U+207E SUPERSCRIPT LEFT/RIGHT PARENTHESIS
₍ ₎ U+208D, U+208E SUBSCRIPT LEFT/RIGHT PARENTHESIS
→ ← U+2192, U+2190 RIGHT/LEFTWARDS ARROW
↛ ↚ U+219B, U+219A RIGHT/LEFTWARDS ARROW WITH STROKE
↝ ↜ U+219D, U+219C RIGHT/LEFTWARDS WAVE ARROW
↠ ↞ U+21A0, U+219E RIGHT/LEFTWARDS TWO HEADED ARROW
↣ ↢ U+21A3, U+21A2 RIGHT/LEFTWARDS ARROW WITH TAIL
↦ ↤ U+21A6, U+21A4 RIGHT/LEFTWARDS ARROW FROM BAR
↪ ↩ U+21AA, U+21A9 RIGHT/LEFTWARDS ARROW WITH HOOK
↬ ↫ U+21AC, U+21AB RIGHT/LEFTWARDS ARROW WITH LOOP
↱ ↰ U+21B1, U+21B0 UPWARDS ARROW WITH TIP RIGHT/LEFTWARDS
↳ ↲ U+21B3, U+21B2 DOWNWARDS ARROW WITH TIP RIGHT/LEFTWARDS
⇀ ↼ U+21C0, U+21BC RIGHT/LEFTWARDS HARPOON WITH BARB UPWARDS
⇁ ↽ U+21C1, U+21BD RIGHT/LEFTWARDS HARPOON WITH BARB DOWNWARDS
⇉ ⇇ U+21C9, U+21C7 RIGHT/LEFTWARDS PAIRED ARROWS
⇏ ⇍ U+21CF, U+21CD RIGHT/LEFTWARDS DOUBLE ARROW WITH STROKE
⇒ ⇐ U+21D2, U+21D0 RIGHT/LEFTWARDS DOUBLE ARROW
⇛ ⇚ U+21DB, U+21DA RIGHT/LEFTWARDS TRIPLE ARROW
⇝ ⇜ U+21DD, U+21DC RIGHT/LEFTWARDS SQUIGGLE ARROW
⇢ ⇠ U+21E2, U+21E0 RIGHT/LEFTWARDS DASHED ARROW
⇥ ⇤ U+21E5, U+21E4 RIGHT/LEFTWARDS ARROW TO BAR
⇨ ⇦ U+21E8, U+21E6 RIGHT/LEFTWARDS WHITE ARROW
⇴ ⬰ U+21F4, U+2B30 RIGHT/LEFT ARROW WITH SMALL CIRCLE
⇶ ⬱ U+21F6, U+2B31 THREE RIGHT/LEFTWARDS ARROWS
⇸ ⇷ U+21F8, U+21F7 RIGHT/LEFTWARDS ARROW WITH VERTICAL STROKE
⇻ ⇺ U+21FB, U+21FA RIGHT/LEFTWARDS ARROW WITH DOUBLE VERTICAL
STROKE
⇾ ⇽ U+21FE, U+21FD RIGHT/LEFTWARDS OPEN-HEADED ARROW
∈ ∋ U+2208, U+220B ELEMENT OF, CONTAINS AS MEMBER
∉ ∌ U+2209, U+220C NOT AN ELEMENT OF, DOES NOT CONTAIN AS MEMBER
∊ ∍ U+220A, U+220D SMALL ELEMENT OF, SMALL CONTAINS AS MEMBER
≤ ≥ U+2264, U+2265 LESS-THAN/GREATER-THAN OR EQUAL TO
≦ ≧ U+2266, U+2267 LESS-THAN/GREATER-THAN OVER EQUAL TO
≨ ≩ U+2268, U+2269 LESS-THAN/GREATER-THAN BUT NOT EQUAL TO
≪ ≫ U+226A, U+226B MUCH LESS-THAN/GREATER-THAN
≮ ≯ U+226E, U+226F NOT LESS-THAN/GREATER-THAN
≰ ≱ U+2270, U+2271 NEITHER LESS-THAN/GREATER-THAN NOR EQUAL TO
≲ ≳ U+2272, U+2273 LESS-THAN/GREATER-THAN OR EQUIVALENT TO
≴ ≵ U+2274, U+2275 NEITHER LESS-THAN/GREATER-THAN NOR EQUIVALENT TO
≺ ≻ U+227A, U+227B PRECEDES/SUCCEEDS
≼ ≽ U+227C, U+227D PRECEDES/SUCCEEDS OR EQUAL TO
≾ ≿ U+227E, U+227F PRECEDES/SUCCEEDS OR EQUIVALENT TO
⊀ ⊁ U+2280, U+2281 DOES NOT PRECEDE/SUCCEED
⊂ ⊃ U+2282, U+2283 SUBSET/SUPERSET OF
⊄ ⊅ U+2284, U+2285 NOT A SUBSET/SUPERSET OF
⊆ ⊇ U+2286, U+2287 SUBSET/SUPERSET OF OR EQUAL TO
⊈ ⊉ U+2288, U+2289 NEITHER A SUBSET/SUPERSET OF NOR EQUAL TO
⊊ ⊋ U+228A, U+228B SUBSET/SUPERSET OF WITH NOT EQUAL TO
⊣ ⊢ U+22A3, U+22A2 LEFT/RIGHT TACK
⊦ ⫞ U+22A6, U+2ADE ASSERTION, SHORT LEFT TACK
⊨ ⫤ U+22A8, U+2AE4 TRUE, VERTICAL BAR DOUBLE LEFT TURNSTILE
⊩ ⫣ U+22A9, U+2AE3 FORCES, DOUBLE VERTICAL BAR LEFT TURNSTILE
⊰ ⊱ U+22B0, U+22B1 PRECEDES/SUCCEEDS UNDER RELATION
⋐ ⋑ U+22D0, U+22D1 DOUBLE SUBSET/SUPERSET
⋖ ⋗ U+22D6, U+22D7 LESS-THAN/GREATER-THAN WITH DOT
⋘ ⋙ U+22D8, U+22D9 VERY MUCH LESS-THAN/GREATER-THAN
⋜ ⋝ U+22DC, U+22DD EQUAL TO OR LESS-THAN/GREATER-THAN
⋞ ⋟ U+22DE, U+22DF EQUAL TO OR PRECEDES/SUCCEEDS
⋠ ⋡ U+22E0, U+22E1 DOES NOT PRECEDE/SUCCEED OR EQUAL
⋦ ⋧ U+22E6, U+22E7 LESS-THAN/GREATER-THAN BUT NOT EQUIVALENT TO
⋨ ⋩ U+22E8, U+22E9 PRECEDES/SUCCEEDS BUT NOT EQUIVALENT TO
⋲ ⋺ U+22F2, U+22FA ELEMENT OF/CONTAINS WITH LONG HORIZONTAL STROKE
⋳ ⋻ U+22F3, U+22FB ELEMENT OF/CONTAINS WITH VERTICAL BAR AT END OF
HORIZONTAL STROKE
⋴ ⋼ U+22F4, U+22FC SMALL ELEMENT OF/CONTAINS WITH VERTICAL BAR AT
END OF HORIZONTAL STROKE
⋶ ⋽ U+22F6, U+22FD ELEMENT OF/CONTAINS WITH OVERBAR
⋷ ⋾ U+22F7, U+22FE SMALL ELEMENT OF/CONTAINS WITH OVERBAR
⌈ ⌉ U+2308, U+2309 LEFT/RIGHT CEILING
⌊ ⌋ U+230A, U+230B LEFT/RIGHT FLOOR
⌦ ⌫ U+2326, U+232B ERASE TO THE RIGHT/LEFT
⟨ ⟩ U+2329, U+232A LEFT/RIGHT-POINTING ANGLE BRACKET
⍈ ⍇ U+2348, U+2347 APL FUNCTIONAL SYMBOL QUAD RIGHT/LEFTWARDS ARROW
⏩ ⏪ U+23E9, U+23EA BLACK RIGHT/LEFT-POINTING DOUBLE TRIANGLE
⏭ ⏮ U+23ED, U+23EE BLACK RIGHT/LEFT-POINTING DOUBLE TRIANGLE WITH
VERTICAL BAR
☛ ☚ U+261B, U+261A BLACK RIGHT/LEFT POINTING INDEX
☞ ☜ U+261E, U+261C WHITE RIGHT/LEFT POINTING INDEX
⚞ ⚟ U+269E, U+269F THREE LINES CONVERGING RIGHT/LEFT
❨ ❩ U+2768, U+2769 MEDIUM LEFT/RIGHT PARENTHESIS ORNAMENT
❪ ❫ U+276A, U+276B MEDIUM FLATTENED LEFT/RIGHT PARENTHESIS ORNAMENT
❬ ❭ U+276C, U+276D MEDIUM LEFT/RIGHT-POINTING ANGLE BRACKET
ORNAMENT
❮ ❯ U+276E, U+276F HEAVY LEFT/RIGHT-POINTING ANGLE QUOTATION MARK
ORNAMENT
❰ ❱ U+2770, U+2771 HEAVY LEFT/RIGHT-POINTING ANGLE BRACKET ORNAMENT
❲ ❳ U+2772, U+2773 LIGHT LEFT/RIGHT TORTOISE SHELL BRACKET ORNAMENT
❴ ❵ U+2774, U+2775 MEDIUM LEFT/RIGHT CURLY BRACKET ORNAMENT
⟃ ⟄ U+27C3, U+27C4 OPEN SUBSET/SUPERSET
⟅ ⟆ U+27C5, U+27C6 LEFT/RIGHT S-SHAPED BAG DELIMITER
⟈ ⟉ U+27C8, U+27C9 REVERSE SOLIDUS PRECEDING SUBSET, SUPERSET
PRECEDING SOLIDUS
⟞ ⟝ U+27DE, U+27DD LONG LEFT/RIGHT TACK
⟦ ⟧ U+27E6, U+27E7 MATHEMATICAL LEFT/RIGHT WHITE SQUARE BRACKET
⟨ ⟩ U+27E8, U+27E9 MATHEMATICAL LEFT/RIGHT ANGLE BRACKET
⟪ ⟫ U+27EA, U+27EB MATHEMATICAL LEFT/RIGHT DOUBLE ANGLE BRACKET
⟬ ⟭ U+27EC, U+27ED MATHEMATICAL LEFT/RIGHT WHITE TORTOISE SHELL
BRACKET
⟮ ⟯ U+27EE, U+27EF MATHEMATICAL LEFT/RIGHT FLATTENED PARENTHESIS
⟴ ⬲ U+27F4, U+2B32 RIGHT/LEFT ARROW WITH CIRCLED PLUS
⟶ ⟵ U+27F6, U+27F5 LONG RIGHT/LEFTWARDS ARROW
⟹ ⟸ U+27F9, U+27F8 LONG RIGHT/LEFTWARDS DOUBLE ARROW
⟼ ⟻ U+27FC, U+27FB LONG RIGHT/LEFTWARDS ARROW FROM BAR
⟾ ⟽ U+27FE, U+27FD LONG RIGHT/LEFTWARDS DOUBLE ARROW FROM BAR
⟿ ⬳ U+27FF, U+2B33 LONG RIGHT/LEFTWARDS SQUIGGLE ARROW
⤀ ⬴ U+2900, U+2B34 RIGHT/LEFTWARDS TWO-HEADED ARROW WITH VERTICAL
STROKE
⤁ ⬵ U+2901, U+2B35 RIGHT/LEFTWARDS TWO-HEADED ARROW WITH DOUBLE
VERTICAL STROKE
⤃ ⤂ U+2903, U+2902 RIGHT/LEFTWARDS DOUBLE ARROW WITH VERTICAL
STROKE
⤅ ⬶ U+2905, U+2B36 RIGHT/LEFTWARDS TWO-HEADED ARROW FROM BAR
⤇ ⤆ U+2907, U+2906 RIGHT/LEFTWARDS DOUBLE ARROW FROM BAR
⤍ ⤌ U+290D, U+290C RIGHT/LEFTWARDS DOUBLE DASH ARROW
⤏ ⤎ U+290F, U+290E RIGHT/LEFTWARDS TRIPLE DASH ARROW
⤐ ⬷ U+2910, U+2B37 RIGHT/LEFTWARDS TWO-HEADED TRIPLE DASH ARROW
⤑ ⬸ U+2911, U+2B38 RIGHT/LEFTWARDS ARROW WITH DOTTED STEM
⤔ ⬹ U+2914, U+2B39 RIGHT/LEFTWARDS ARROW WITH TAIL WITH VERTICAL
STROKE
⤕ ⬺ U+2915, U+2B3A RIGHT/LEFTWARDS ARROW WITH TAIL WITH DOUBLE
VERTICAL STROKE
⤖ ⬻ U+2916, U+2B3B RIGHT/LEFTWARDS TWO-HEADED ARROW WITH TAIL
⤗ ⬼ U+2917, U+2B3C RIGHT/LEFTWARDS TWO-HEADED ARROW WITH TAIL WITH
VERTICAL STROKE
⤘ ⬽ U+2918, U+2B3D RIGHT/LEFTWARDS TWO-HEADED ARROW WITH TAIL WITH
DOUBLE VERTICAL STROKE
⤚ ⤙ U+291A, U+2919 RIGHT/LEFTWARDS ARROW-TAIL
⤜ ⤛ U+291C, U+291B RIGHT/LEFTWARDS DOUBLE ARROW-TAIL
⤞ ⤝ U+291E, U+291D RIGHT/LEFTWARDS ARROW TO BLACK DIAMOND
⤠ ⤟ U+2920, U+291F RIGHT/LEFTWARDS ARROW FROM BAR TO BLACK DIAMOND
⤳ ⬿ U+2933, U+2B3F WAVE ARROW POINTING DIRECTLY RIGHT/LEFT
⤷ ⤶ U+2937, U+2936 ARROW POINTING DOWNWARDS THEN CURVING RIGHT/
LEFTWARDS
⥅ ⥆ U+2945, U+2946 RIGHT/LEFTWARDS ARROW WITH PLUS BELOW
⥇ ⬾ U+2947, U+2B3E RIGHT/LEFTWARDS ARROW THROUGH X
⥓ ⥒ U+2953, U+2952 RIGHT/LEFTWARDS HARPOON WITH BARB UP TO BAR
⥗ ⥖ U+2957, U+2956 RIGHT/LEFTWARDS HARPOON WITH BARB DOWN TO BAR
⥛ ⥚ U+295B, U+295A RIGHT/LEFTWARDS HARPOON WITH BARB UP FROM BAR
⥟ ⥞ U+295F, U+295E RIGHT/LEFTWARDS HARPOON WITH BARB DOWN FROM BAR
⥤ ⥢ U+2964, U+2962 RIGHT/LEFTWARDS HARPOON WITH BARB UP ABOVE
RIGHT/LEFTWARDS HARPOON WITH BARB DOWN
⥬ ⥪ U+296C, U+296A RIGHT/LEFTWARDS HARPOON WITH BARB UP ABOVE LONG
DASH
⥭ ⥫ U+296D, U+296B RIGHT/LEFTWARDS HARPOON WITH BARB DOWN BELOW
LONG DASH
⥱ ⭀ U+2971, U+2B40 EQUALS SIGN ABOVE RIGHT/LEFTWARDS ARROW
⥲ ⭁ U+2972, U+2B41 TILDE OPERATOR ABOVE RIGHTWARDS ARROW, REVERSE
TILDE OPERATOR ABOVE LEFTWARDS ARROW
⥴ ⭋ U+2974, U+2B4B RIGHTWARDS ARROW ABOVE TILDE OPERATOR,
LEFTWARDS ARROW ABOVE REVERSE TILDE OPERATOR
⥵ ⭂ U+2975, U+2B42 RIGHTWARDS ARROW ABOVE ALMOST EQUAL TO,
LEFTWARDS ARROW ABOVE REVERSE ALMOST EQUAL TO
⥹ ⥻ U+2979, U+297B SUBSET/SUPERSET ABOVE RIGHT/LEFTWARDS ARROW
⦃ ⦄ U+2983, U+2984 LEFT/RIGHT WHITE CURLY BRACKET
⦅ ⦆ U+2985, U+2986 LEFT/RIGHT WHITE PARENTHESIS
⦇ ⦈ U+2987, U+2988 Z NOTATION LEFT/RIGHT IMAGE BRACKET
⦉ ⦊ U+2989, U+298A Z NOTATION LEFT/RIGHT BINDING BRACKET
⦋ ⦌ U+298B, U+298C LEFT/RIGHT SQUARE BRACKET WITH UNDERBAR
⦍ ⦐ U+298D, U+2990 LEFT/RIGHT SQUARE BRACKET WITH TICK IN TOP
CORNER
⦏ ⦎ U+298F, U+298E LEFT/RIGHT SQUARE BRACKET WITH TICK IN BOTTOM
CORNER
⦑ ⦒ U+2991, U+2992 LEFT/RIGHT ANGLE BRACKET WITH DOT
⦓ ⦔ U+2993, U+2994 LEFT/RIGHT ARC LESS-THAN/GREATER-THAN BRACKET
⦕ ⦖ U+2995, U+2996 DOUBLE LEFT/RIGHT ARC GREATER-THAN/LESS-THAN
BRACKET
⦗ ⦘ U+2997, U+2998 LEFT/RIGHT BLACK TORTOISE SHELL BRACKET
⦨ ⦩ U+29A8, U+29A9 MEASURED ANGLE WITH OPEN ARM ENDING IN ARROW
POINTING UP AND RIGHT/LEFT
⦪ ⦫ U+29AA, U+29AB MEASURED ANGLE WITH OPEN ARM ENDING IN ARROW
POINTING DOWN AND RIGHT/LEFT
⦳ ⦴ U+29B3, U+29B4 EMPTY SET WITH RIGHT/LEFT ARROW ABOVE
⧀ ⧁ U+29C0, U+29C1 CIRCLED LESS-THAN/GREATER-THAN
⧘ ⧙ U+29D8, U+29D9 LEFT/RIGHT WIGGLY FENCE
⧚ ⧛ U+29DA, U+29DB LEFT/RIGHT DOUBLE WIGGLY FENCE
⧼ ⧽ U+29FC, U+29FD LEFT/RIGHT-POINTING CURVED ANGLE BRACKET
⩹ ⩺ U+2A79, U+2A7A LESS-THAN/GREATER-THAN WITH CIRCLE INSIDE
⩻ ⩼ U+2A7B, U+2A7C LESS-THAN/GREATER-THAN WITH QUESTION MARK ABOVE
⩽ ⩾ U+2A7D, U+2A7E LESS-THAN/GREATER-THAN OR SLANTED EQUAL TO
⩿ ⪀ U+2A7F, U+2A80 LESS-THAN/GREATER-THAN OR SLANTED EQUAL TO WITH
DOT INSIDE
⪁ ⪂ U+2A81, U+2A82 LESS-THAN/GREATER-THAN OR SLANTED EQUAL TO WITH
DOT ABOVE
⪃ ⪄ U+2A83, U+2A84 LESS-THAN/GREATER-THAN OR SLANTED EQUAL TO WITH
DOT ABOVE RIGHT/LEFT
⪅ ⪆ U+2A85, U+2A86 LESS-THAN/GREATER-THAN OR APPROXIMATE
⪇ ⪈ U+2A87, U+2A88 LESS-THAN/GREATER-THAN AND SINGLE-LINE NOT
EQUAL TO
⪉ ⪊ U+2A89, U+2A8A LESS-THAN/GREATER-THAN AND NOT APPROXIMATE
⪍ ⪎ U+2A8D, U+2A8E LESS-THAN/GREATER-THAN ABOVE SIMILAR OR EQUAL
⪕ ⪖ U+2A95, U+2A96 SLANTED EQUAL TO OR LESS-THAN/GREATER-THAN
⪗ ⪘ U+2A97, U+2A98 SLANTED EQUAL TO OR LESS-THAN/GREATER-THAN WITH
DOT INSIDE
⪙ ⪚ U+2A99, U+2A9A DOUBLE-LINE EQUAL TO OR LESS-THAN/GREATER-THAN
⪛ ⪜ U+2A9B, U+2A9C DOUBLE-LINE SLANTED EQUAL TO OR LESS-THAN/
GREATER-THAN
⪝ ⪞ U+2A9D, U+2A9E SIMILAR OR LESS-THAN/GREATER-THAN
⪟ ⪠ U+2A9F, U+2AA0 SIMILAR ABOVE LESS-THAN/GREATER-THAN ABOVE
EQUALS SIGN
⪡ ⪢ U+2AA1, U+2AA2 DOUBLE NESTED LESS-THAN/GREATER-THAN
⪦ ⪧ U+2AA6, U+2AA7 LESS-THAN/GREATER-THAN CLOSED BY CURVE
⪨ ⪩ U+2AA8, U+2AA9 LESS-THAN/GREATER-THAN CLOSED BY CURVE ABOVE
SLANTED EQUAL
⪪ ⪫ U+2AAA, U+2AAB SMALLER THAN/LARGER THAN
⪬ ⪭ U+2AAC, U+2AAD SMALLER THAN/LARGER THAN OR EQUAL TO
⪯ ⪰ U+2AAF, U+2AB0 PRECEDES/SUCCEEDS ABOVE SINGLE-LINE EQUALS SIGN
⪱ ⪲ U+2AB1, U+2AB2 PRECEDES/SUCCEEDS ABOVE SINGLE-LINE NOT EQUAL TO
⪳ ⪴ U+2AB3, U+2AB4 PRECEDES/SUCCEEDS ABOVE EQUALS SIGN
⪵ ⪶ U+2AB5, U+2AB6 PRECEDES/SUCCEEDS ABOVE NOT EQUAL TO
⪷ ⪸ U+2AB7, U+2AB8 PRECEDES/SUCCEEDS ABOVE ALMOST EQUAL TO
⪹ ⪺ U+2AB9, U+2ABA PRECEDES/SUCCEEDS ABOVE NOT ALMOST EQUAL TO
⪻ ⪼ U+2ABB, U+2ABC DOUBLE PRECEDES/SUCCEEDS
⪽ ⪾ U+2ABD, U+2ABE SUBSET/SUPERSET WITH DOT
⪿ ⫀ U+2ABF, U+2AC0 SUBSET/SUPERSET WITH PLUS SIGN BELOW
⫁ ⫂ U+2AC1, U+2AC2 SUBSET/SUPERSET WITH MULTIPLICATION SIGN BELOW
⫃ ⫄ U+2AC3, U+2AC4 SUBSET/SUPERSET OF OR EQUAL TO WITH DOT ABOVE
⫅ ⫆ U+2AC5, U+2AC6 SUBSET/SUPERSET OF ABOVE EQUALS SIGN
⫇ ⫈ U+2AC7, U+2AC8 SUBSET/SUPERSET OF ABOVE TILDE OPERATOR
⫉ ⫊ U+2AC9, U+2ACA SUBSET/SUPERSET OF ABOVE ALMOST EQUAL TO
⫋ ⫌ U+2ACB, U+2ACC SUBSET/SUPERSET OF ABOVE NOT EQUAL TO
⫏ ⫐ U+2ACF, U+2AD0 CLOSED SUBSET/SUPERSET
⫑ ⫒ U+2AD1, U+2AD2 CLOSED SUBSET/SUPERSET OR EQUAL TO
⫕ ⫖ U+2AD5, U+2AD6 SUBSET/SUPERSET ABOVE SUBSET/SUPERSET
⫥ ⊫ U+2AE5, U+22AB DOUBLE VERTICAL BAR DOUBLE LEFT/RIGHT TURNSTILE
⫷ ⫸ U+2AF7, U+2AF8 TRIPLE NESTED LESS-THAN/GREATER-THAN
⫹ ⫺ U+2AF9, U+2AFA DOUBLE-LINE SLANTED LESS-THAN/GREATER-THAN OR
EQUAL TO
⭆ ⭅ U+2B46, U+2B45 RIGHT/LEFTWARDS QUADRUPLE ARROW
⭇ ⭉ U+2B47, U+2B49 REVERSE TILDE OPERATOR ABOVE RIGHTWARDS ARROW,
TILDE OPERATOR ABOVE LEFTWARDS ARROW
⭈ ⭊ U+2B48, U+2B4A RIGHTWARDS ARROW ABOVE REVERSE ALMOST EQUAL
TO, LEFTWARDS ARROW ABOVE ALMOST EQUAL TO
⭌ ⥳ U+2B4C, U+2973 RIGHTWARDS ARROW ABOVE REVERSE TILDE OPERATOR,
LEFTWARDS ARROW ABOVE TILDE OPERATOR
⭢ ⭠ U+2B62, U+2B60 RIGHT/LEFTWARDS TRIANGLE-HEADED ARROW
⭬ ⭪ U+2B6C, U+2B6A RIGHT/LEFTWARDS TRIANGLE-HEADED DASHED ARROW
⭲ ⭰ U+2B72, U+2B70 RIGHT/LEFTWARDS TRIANGLE-HEADED ARROW TO BAR
⭼ ⭺ U+2B7C, U+2B7A RIGHT/LEFTWARDS TRIANGLE-HEADED ARROW WITH
DOUBLE VERTICAL STROKE
⮆ ⮄ U+2B86, U+2B84 RIGHT/LEFTWARDS TRIANGLE-HEADED PAIRED ARROWS
⮊ ⮈ U+2B8A, U+2B88 RIGHT/LEFTWARDS BLACK CIRCLED WHITE ARROW
⮕ ⬅ U+2B95, U+2B05 RIGHT/LEFTWARDS BLACK ARROW
⮚ ⮘ U+2B9A, U+2B98 THREE-D TOP-LIGHTED RIGHT/LEFTWARDS EQUILATERAL
ARROWHEAD
⮞ ⮜ U+2B9E, U+2B9C BLACK RIGHT/LEFTWARDS EQUILATERAL ARROWHEAD
⮡ ⮠ U+2BA1, U+2BA0 DOWNWARDS TRIANGLE-HEADED ARROW WITH LONG TIP
RIGHT/LEFTWARDS
⮣ ⮢ U+2BA3, U+2BA2 UPWARDS TRIANGLE-HEADED ARROW WITH LONG TIP
RIGHT/LEFTWARDS
⮩ ⮨ U+2BA9, U+2BA8 BLACK CURVED DOWNWARDS AND RIGHT/LEFTWARDS ARROW
⮫ ⮪ U+2BAB, U+2BAA BLACK CURVED UPWARDS AND RIGHT/LEFTWARDS ARROW
⮱ ⮰ U+2BB1, U+2BB0 RIBBON ARROW DOWN RIGHT/LEFT
⮳ ⮲ U+2BB3, U+2BB2 RIBBON ARROW UP RIGHT/LEFT
⯮ ⯬ U+2BEE, U+2BEC RIGHT/LEFTWARDS TWO-HEADED ARROW WITH TRIANGLE
ARROWHEADS
⸂ ⸃ U+2E02, U+2E03 LEFT/RIGHT SUBSTITUTION BRACKET
⸃ ⸂ U+2E03, U+2E02 RIGHT/LEFT SUBSTITUTION BRACKET
⸄ ⸅ U+2E04, U+2E05 LEFT/RIGHT DOTTED SUBSTITUTION BRACKET
⸅ ⸄ U+2E05, U+2E04 RIGHT/LEFT DOTTED SUBSTITUTION BRACKET
⸉ ⸊ U+2E09, U+2E0A LEFT/RIGHT TRANSPOSITION BRACKET
⸊ ⸉ U+2E0A, U+2E09 RIGHT/LEFT TRANSPOSITION BRACKET
⸌ ⸍ U+2E0C, U+2E0D LEFT/RIGHT RAISED OMISSION BRACKET
⸍ ⸌ U+2E0D, U+2E0C RIGHT/LEFT RAISED OMISSION BRACKET
⸑ ⸐ U+2E11, U+2E10 REVERSED FORKED PARAGRAPHOS, FORKED PARAGRAPHOS
⸜ ⸝ U+2E1C, U+2E1D LEFT/RIGHT LOW PARAPHRASE BRACKET
⸝ ⸜ U+2E1D, U+2E1C RIGHT/LEFT LOW PARAPHRASE BRACKET
⸠ ⸡ U+2E20, U+2E21 LEFT/RIGHT VERTICAL BAR WITH QUILL
⸡ ⸠ U+2E21, U+2E20 RIGHT/LEFT VERTICAL BAR WITH QUILL
⸢ ⸣ U+2E22, U+2E23 TOP LEFT/RIGHT HALF BRACKET
⸤ ⸥ U+2E24, U+2E25 BOTTOM LEFT/RIGHT HALF BRACKET
⸦ ⸧ U+2E26, U+2E27 LEFT/RIGHT SIDEWAYS U BRACKET
⸨ ⸩ U+2E28, U+2E29 LEFT/RIGHT DOUBLE PARENTHESIS
⸶ ⸷ U+2E36, U+2E37 DAGGER WITH LEFT/RIGHT GUARD
⹂ „ U+2E42, U+201E DOUBLE LOW-REVERSED-9 QUOTATION MARK, DOUBLE
LOW-9 QUOTATION MARK
⹕ ⹖ U+2E55, U+2E56 LEFT/RIGHT SQUARE BRACKET WITH STROKE
⹗ ⹘ U+2E57, U+2E58 LEFT/RIGHT SQUARE BRACKET WITH DOUBLE STROKE
⹙ ⹚ U+2E59, U+2E5A TOP HALF LEFT/RIGHT PARENTHESIS
⹛ ⹜ U+2E5B, U+2E5C BOTTOM HALF LEFT/RIGHT PARENTHESIS
〈 〉 U+3008, U+3009 LEFT/RIGHT ANGLE BRACKET
《 》 U+300A, U+300B LEFT/RIGHT DOUBLE ANGLE BRACKET
「 」 U+300C, U+300D LEFT/RIGHT CORNER BRACKET
『 』 U+300E, U+300F LEFT/RIGHT WHITE CORNER BRACKET
【 】 U+3010, U+3011 LEFT/RIGHT BLACK LENTICULAR BRACKET
〔 〕 U+3014, U+3015 LEFT/RIGHT TORTOISE SHELL BRACKET
〖 〗 U+3016, U+3017 LEFT/RIGHT WHITE LENTICULAR BRACKET
〘 〙 U+3018, U+3019 LEFT/RIGHT WHITE TORTOISE SHELL BRACKET
〚 〛 U+301A, U+301B LEFT/RIGHT WHITE SQUARE BRACKET
〝 〞 U+301D, U+301E REVERSED DOUBLE PRIME QUOTATION MARK, DOUBLE
PRIME QUOTATION MARK
꧁ ꧂ U+A9C1, U+A9C2 JAVANESE LEFT/RIGHT RERENGGAN
﴾ ﴿ U+FD3E, U+FD3F ORNATE LEFT/RIGHT PARENTHESIS
﹙ ﹚ U+FE59, U+FE5A SMALL LEFT/RIGHT PARENTHESIS
﹛ ﹜ U+FE5B, U+FE5C SMALL LEFT/RIGHT CURLY BRACKET
﹝ ﹞ U+FE5D, U+FE5E SMALL LEFT/RIGHT TORTOISE SHELL BRACKET
﹤ ﹥ U+FE64, U+FE65 SMALL LESS-THAN/GREATER-THAN SIGN
( ) U+FF08, U+FF09 FULLWIDTH LEFT/RIGHT PARENTHESIS
< > U+FF1C, U+FF1E FULLWIDTH LESS-THAN/GREATER-THAN SIGN
[ ] U+FF3B, U+FF3D FULLWIDTH LEFT/RIGHT SQUARE BRACKET
{ } U+FF5B, U+FF5D FULLWIDTH LEFT/RIGHT CURLY BRACKET
⦅ ⦆ U+FF5F, U+FF60 FULLWIDTH LEFT/RIGHT WHITE PARENTHESIS
「 」 U+FF62, U+FF63 HALFWIDTH LEFT/RIGHT CORNER BRACKET
→ ← U+FFEB, U+FFE9 HALFWIDTH RIGHT/LEFTWARDS ARROW
𝄃 𝄂 U+1D103, U+1D102 MUSICAL SYMBOL REVERSE FINAL BARLINE, MUSICAL
SYMBOL FINAL BARLINE
𝄆 𝄇 U+1D106, U+1D107 MUSICAL SYMBOL LEFT/RIGHT REPEAT SIGN
👉 👈 U+1F449, U+1F448 WHITE RIGHT/LEFT POINTING BACKHAND INDEX
🔈 🕨 U+1F508, U+1F568 SPEAKER, RIGHT SPEAKER
🔉 🕩 U+1F509, U+1F569 SPEAKER WITH ONE SOUND WAVE, RIGHT SPEAKER WITH
ONE SOUND WAVE
🔊 🕪 U+1F50A, U+1F56A SPEAKER WITH THREE SOUND WAVES, RIGHT SPEAKER
WITH THREE SOUND WAVES
🕻 🕽 U+1F57B, U+1F57D LEFT/RIGHT HAND TELEPHONE RECEIVER
🖙 🖘 U+1F599, U+1F598 SIDEWAYS WHITE RIGHT/LEFT POINTING INDEX
🖛 🖚 U+1F59B, U+1F59A SIDEWAYS BLACK RIGHT/LEFT POINTING INDEX
🖝 🖜 U+1F59D, U+1F59C BLACK RIGHT/LEFT POINTING BACKHAND INDEX
🗦 🗧 U+1F5E6, U+1F5E7 THREE RAYS LEFT/RIGHT
🠂 🠀 U+1F802, U+1F800 RIGHT/LEFTWARDS ARROW WITH SMALL TRIANGLE
ARROWHEAD
🠆 🠄 U+1F806, U+1F804 RIGHT/LEFTWARDS ARROW WITH MEDIUM TRIANGLE
ARROWHEAD
🠊 🠈 U+1F80A, U+1F808 RIGHT/LEFTWARDS ARROW WITH LARGE TRIANGLE
ARROWHEAD
🠒 🠐 U+1F812, U+1F810 RIGHT/LEFTWARDS ARROW WITH SMALL EQUILATERAL
ARROWHEAD
🠖 🠔 U+1F816, U+1F814 RIGHT/LEFTWARDS ARROW WITH EQUILATERAL ARROWHEAD
🠚 🠘 U+1F81A, U+1F818 HEAVY RIGHT/LEFTWARDS ARROW WITH EQUILATERAL
ARROWHEAD
🠞 🠜 U+1F81E, U+1F81C HEAVY RIGHT/LEFTWARDS ARROW WITH LARGE
EQUILATERAL ARROWHEAD
🠢 🠠 U+1F822, U+1F820 RIGHT/LEFTWARDS TRIANGLE-HEADED ARROW WITH
NARROW SHAFT
🠦 🠤 U+1F826, U+1F824 RIGHT/LEFTWARDS TRIANGLE-HEADED ARROW WITH
MEDIUM SHAFT
🠪 🠨 U+1F82A, U+1F828 RIGHT/LEFTWARDS TRIANGLE-HEADED ARROW WITH BOLD
SHAFT
🠮 🠬 U+1F82E, U+1F82C RIGHT/LEFTWARDS TRIANGLE-HEADED ARROW WITH
HEAVY SHAFT
🠲 🠰 U+1F832, U+1F830 RIGHT/LEFTWARDS TRIANGLE-HEADED ARROW WITH VERY
HEAVY SHAFT
🠶 🠴 U+1F836, U+1F834 RIGHT/LEFTWARDS FINGER-POST ARROW
🠺 🠸 U+1F83A, U+1F838 RIGHT/LEFTWARDS SQUARED ARROW
🠾 🠼 U+1F83E, U+1F83C RIGHT/LEFTWARDS COMPRESSED ARROW
🡂 🡀 U+1F842, U+1F840 RIGHT/LEFTWARDS HEAVY COMPRESSED ARROW
🡆 🡄 U+1F846, U+1F844 RIGHT/LEFTWARDS HEAVY ARROW
🡒 🡐 U+1F852, U+1F850 RIGHT/LEFTWARDS SANS-SERIF ARROW
🡢 🡠 U+1F862, U+1F860 WIDE-HEADED RIGHT/LEFTWARDS LIGHT BARB ARROW
🡪 🡨 U+1F86A, U+1F868 WIDE-HEADED RIGHT/LEFTWARDS BARB ARROW
🡲 🡰 U+1F872, U+1F870 WIDE-HEADED RIGHT/LEFTWARDS MEDIUM BARB ARROW
🡺 🡸 U+1F87A, U+1F878 WIDE-HEADED RIGHT/LEFTWARDS HEAVY BARB ARROW
🢂 🢀 U+1F882, U+1F880 WIDE-HEADED RIGHT/LEFTWARDS VERY HEAVY BARB
ARROW
🢒 🢐 U+1F892, U+1F890 RIGHT/LEFTWARDS TRIANGLE ARROWHEAD
🢖 🢔 U+1F896, U+1F894 RIGHT/LEFTWARDS WHITE ARROW WITHIN TRIANGLE
ARROWHEAD
🢚 🢘 U+1F89A, U+1F898 RIGHT/LEFTWARDS ARROW WITH NOTCHED TAIL
🢡 🢠 U+1F8A1, U+1F8A0 RIGHTWARDS BOTTOM SHADED WHITE ARROW,
LEFTWARDS BOTTOM-SHADED WHITE ARROW
🢣 🢢 U+1F8A3, U+1F8A2 RIGHT/LEFTWARDS TOP SHADED WHITE ARROW
🢥 🢦 U+1F8A5, U+1F8A6 RIGHT/LEFTWARDS RIGHT-SHADED WHITE ARROW
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此功能移除在使用 require
或 use
載入模組時,在結尾傳回 true 值的需求。編譯期間的任何錯誤都會導致失敗,但當此功能生效時,到達模組的結尾會防止 perl
拋出模組「未傳回 true 值」的例外狀況。
警告:此功能仍處於實驗階段,且實作可能會在未來版本的 Perl 中變更或移除。因此,除非您已明確停用警告,否則 Perl 會在您使用此功能時發出警告
no warnings "experimental::class";
此功能啟用 class
區塊語法和其他關聯的關鍵字,這些關鍵字實作先前代號為「Corinna」的「new」物件系統。
可以使用功能套件同時載入多個功能。功能套件的名稱加上冒號作為開頭,以區別於實際功能。
use feature ":5.10";
可用的功能套件如下
bundle features included
--------- -----------------
:default indirect multidimensional
bareword_filehandles
:5.10 bareword_filehandles indirect
multidimensional say state switch
:5.12 bareword_filehandles indirect
multidimensional say state switch
unicode_strings
:5.14 bareword_filehandles indirect
multidimensional say state switch
unicode_strings
:5.16 bareword_filehandles current_sub evalbytes
fc indirect multidimensional say state
switch unicode_eval unicode_strings
:5.18 bareword_filehandles current_sub evalbytes
fc indirect multidimensional say state
switch unicode_eval unicode_strings
:5.20 bareword_filehandles current_sub evalbytes
fc indirect multidimensional say state
switch unicode_eval unicode_strings
:5.22 bareword_filehandles current_sub evalbytes
fc indirect multidimensional say state
switch unicode_eval unicode_strings
:5.24 bareword_filehandles current_sub evalbytes
fc indirect multidimensional postderef_qq
say state switch unicode_eval
unicode_strings
:5.26 bareword_filehandles current_sub evalbytes
fc indirect multidimensional postderef_qq
say state switch unicode_eval
unicode_strings
:5.28 bareword_filehandles bitwise current_sub
evalbytes fc indirect multidimensional
postderef_qq say state switch unicode_eval
unicode_strings
:5.30 bareword_filehandles bitwise current_sub
evalbytes fc indirect multidimensional
postderef_qq say state switch unicode_eval
unicode_strings
:5.32 bareword_filehandles bitwise current_sub
evalbytes fc indirect multidimensional
postderef_qq say state switch unicode_eval
unicode_strings
:5.34 bareword_filehandles bitwise current_sub
evalbytes fc indirect multidimensional
postderef_qq say state switch unicode_eval
unicode_strings
:5.36 bareword_filehandles bitwise current_sub
evalbytes fc isa postderef_qq say signatures
state unicode_eval unicode_strings
:5.38 bitwise current_sub evalbytes fc isa
module_true postderef_qq say signatures
state unicode_eval unicode_strings
:default
套件代表在任何 use feature
或 no feature
宣告之前啟用的功能組。
在功能套件中指定次版本(例如 5.14.0
中的 0
)不會產生任何效果。功能套件保證對所有次版本都相同。
use feature ":5.14.0"; # same as ":5.14"
use feature ":5.14.1"; # same as ":5.14"
與按名稱載入功能套件不同,讓 Perl 為您內含載入功能套件會更輕鬆。
有兩種方式可以內含載入 feature
實用模組
在 Perl 命令列上使用 -E
開關,而不是 -e
。這會在主編譯單元(也就是 -E
之後的單行)中啟用該 Perl 版本的功能套件。
透過 use VERSION
建構,明確要求您的程式最低 Perl 版本號碼。也就是說,
use v5.36.0;
會執行內含的
no feature ':all';
use feature ':5.36';
以此類推。請注意如何自動從版本中移除尾隨的次版本。
但為避免可攜性警告(請參閱 perlfunc 中的「use」),您可能偏好
use 5.036;
效果相同。
如果需要的版本低於 Perl 5.10,則會自動載入「:default」功能套件。
與 use feature ":5.12"
不同,宣告 use v5.12
(或任何較高版本)也會執行等同於 use strict
的動作;請參閱 "use" in perlfunc 以取得詳細資料。
feature
提供一些簡單的 API 來檢查已啟用的功能。
這些函式無法匯入,必須以其完全限定的名稱呼叫。如果您不需要設定其他功能,則需要確保已載入 feature
use feature ();
package MyStandardEnforcer;
use feature ();
use Carp "croak";
sub import {
croak "disable indirect!" if feature::feature_enabled("indirect");
}
測試指定的命名功能是否在呼叫堆疊中的特定層級啟用,如果是,則傳回 true 值。$depth
預設為 1,會檢查呼叫 feature::feature_enabled() 的範圍所呼叫的範圍。
如果功能名稱不明,則會產生 croak。
package ReportEnabledFeatures;
use feature "say";
sub import {
say STDERR join " ", feature::features_enabled();
}
傳回呼叫堆疊中特定層級已啟用的功能清單。$depth
預設為 1,會檢查呼叫 feature::features_enabled() 的範圍所呼叫的範圍。
傳回呼叫堆疊中特定層級所選取的功能套件(如果有的話)。$depth
預設為 1,會檢查呼叫 feature::feature_bundle() 的範圍所呼叫的範圍。
如果範圍中未選取任何功能套件,則傳回未定義的值。
傳回的套件名稱會是與選取的套件最相符的早期套件,因此
use feature ();
use v5.12;
BEGIN { print feature::feature_bundle(0); }
會列印 5.11
。
這會傳回內部狀態,此時 use v5.12;
會設定功能套件,但 use feature ":5.12";
不會設定功能套件。這可能會在 perl 的未來版本中變更。